Between the Battle Badr and Uhud
by Hana Arisesa
As we know during the prophet in the Makkah period, there was no battle at all. Makkah period is concentrate to building the good faith, Calling to the true message of Islam, answering and debating the disbelievers. After Moving to Medina, and faith ingrained among the believers, Allah give permission to The Prophet to defend their existence which is an introduction to the permission to battle the disbelievers.
Battle Badr
Battle Badr took place in second year of Hijrah. According to the Islamic history, battle Badr is the first decisive battle between the believers and the Quraish. The battle itself is not the reason that The Prophet and his companion intend for, rather they just want to intercept the Quraish Caravan come back in their trade from Syam, which a lot of Quraish wealth lead by Abu Sufyan. (Al-Mubarakfuri). Allah decided that the Prophet and his companion faced the Quraish Troop who want to protect their caravan wealth. Although they know that their caravan was safe, due to their arrogance they want to face and eradicate the Muslim troop. The prophet who know that they will not get the caravan, but face the Quraish Troop in front of them, start worrying the commitment of his companion, especially his companion from Anshar who have right not to defend the prophet in the outside Medina, due to the Aqabah Pledge. But they are the chosen people who have an honour to accompany the Prophet, They made decision which pleased the Prophet. After the companion will support to whatever Prophet’s decision, time to battle seem could not be avoided. Looking at the number of troop between Quraish and the believers, The Prophet worried about to be divided, so he ask Allah, His promise and to win them against Quraish. Allah answer and accept the prophet supplication, who send them a group troop from Angle come from the heaven to help the believers. Nonetheless, they did not forget to make better tactical war to win the battle. It was one of His companion who gave the Prophet good strategy in the battle. During the battle, all his companion fight bravery, a group of angel come down to help them, the great victory is for the believers. After finished, many of the leader of Quraish were killed. This new shocked the Makkah people who could not belief its result. In other side, the confidence of the believers increased and the Muslim community in Medina started to be recognized of their power among other tribes.
Battle Uhud
After defeated in the battle of Badr, Quraish still prepare to make revenge to the Muslim in Medina, especially because many of their leader were killed. (Al-Ghazali, 1999). Quraish make preparation with huge troop and plan to eradicate the Muslim in Madinah directly. Although, there are several preliminary small war between Quraish and Muslim, but the Battle Uhud is the most important one. It took place of the Uhud, near to the Madinah at third year after Hijrah. In the general, the battle Uhud was lose war for the believers although until some moment they got victory against Quraish, but after disobediences few of them, the victory turned into lose.
After received news about the arrival of Quraish troop to make war, the Prophet preparing His troop to face the Quraish before they enter The Madinah. They faced in the region of Uhud. Due to tactical of war, the Prophet troops settle on strategic place. Around of them is perfect for offensive or defensive war, except a small hill area, as weakness point of the Muslim strategy, where can cause a problem to the believer for back attack of Quraish Troops. Obviously, The Prophet has anticipated this by placed there a group of archery, who has very vital role in the whole of battle Uhud. Indeed, the Prophet command them to protect their area whether they win or they lose in the Battle, due to their very strategic point which can change the condition of the battle. At beginning of war, it seem that the believer can push Quraish attack. Being pushed by Muslim troop, Quraish looking for the chance to turn the condition by attacking the Muslim troop from the back, through a small hill area where already protected by a group of Muslim archery. That Khalid bin Walid and Ikrimah Ibn Abu Jahl, before converting Muslim, leader of horse troop of Quraish, try to attack this small group but they failed. It was a turned point after majority of archery leave their place to joint picked the booty of the Quraish, disobedience of the Prophet command. This situation exploited by Khalid ibn Walid, to attack the Muslim from the back though a weakness point of the Muslim strategy. At the rest, encountering by sudden attack from the back, lead fatality lose in the Muslim troops. After the war, about seventy of The Prophet companion were killed (Kathir, 2001), including Hamza, the uncle of The Prophet and Musab Ibn Umair.
Conclusion
Comparing the two battle can be conclude as follow:
1. In the general The Muslim got victory in battle of Badr, but lose in Battle of Uhud.
2. Strategy and tactical in the war is important part in the battle.
3. In the Battle Badr, showed a good example of loyalty and courage of the prophet Companion. (Sarif, 2016)
4. Disobedience of The prophet command caused the loose of the battle Uhud.
5. The bravery, spirit, and trust of the Prophet companion in the battles.
Bibliography
Al-Ghazali, M. (1999). Understanding the Life of Prophet Muahammad. Riyadh: International Islamic Publishing House.
Al-Mubarakfuri, S. R. (n.d.). the Sealed Nectar.
Ibn al-Hajjaj, M. (2009). Sahih Muslim. (M. al-Almany, Ed., & A.-a.-H. Siddiqui, Trans.)
Kathir, I. (2001). The Battle of The Prophet. (W. '. Shihab, Trans.) Egypt: Dar Al-Manarah.
Nadwi, A. A. (1996). Vocabulary of the Holy Quran. Chicago: IQRA International Education Foundation.
Philips, A. A. (n.d.). The Clash of Civilization, An Islamic View.
Sarif, S. M. (2016). The Competitive Strategies From Islamic Perspective Based On The Muslims Battles And Empires. Reserach gate.
Sieny, S. I. (2012). Controversial Questions About Islam& Comments. Riyadh: Daar Al Fajr al Islamiyah Press.